Author: Marcia Smith

HASC Restores ORS and STP Funding, Sharply Cuts PTSS

HASC Restores ORS and STP Funding, Sharply Cuts PTSS

The full House Armed Services Committee (HASC) marked up the FY2013 National Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 4310) yesterday.  Most space programs were funded at their requested level, but the committee added money for two programs the Obama Administration seeks to eliminate and substantially cut a program it wanted.

The committee added $25 million for the Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) program that the Administration wants to eliminate and for which it requested no funds.  The committee also added $35 million to the $10 million requested for the Space Test Program, another activity the Adminstration wants to end.  HASC’s Strategic Forces subcommittee already had made clear its support for those programs during a March hearing.

HASC made a major reduction to the Precision Tracking Space Sensor (PTSS) in the Missile Defense Agency’s request.  It provides only $50 million of the $297.4 million requested.   The Strategic Forces subcommittee called for an analysis of alternatives (AoA) to the PTSS in its markup of the bill two weeks ago.  It specifies that the AoA be conducted by a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) that is not involved in the program, which would leave out the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab (APL), which is the technical lead of the PTSS development team.    PTSS also was controversial last year.

HASC made small reductions to other DOD space programs:  $2 million from the $446.6 million requested for the Space Based InfraRed System (SBIRS)-High; $2 million from the $25 million requested for space control technology; and $1.5 million from the $229 million requested for Advanced EHF communications satellite program. 

House Expected to Pass CJS Bill Today

House Expected to Pass CJS Bill Today

The House of Representatives worked until just after midnight completing consideration of amendments to the FY2013 Commerce-Justice-Science (CJS) appropriations bill.  Only one step remains — passage of the amended bill — which is expected to occur early this afternoon.

The House adjourned at two minutes after midnight following lengthy debate on amendments to the bill as reported from the appropriations committee.   Only one amendment debated Wednesday-Thursday would have affected NASA and it was defeated.  The amendment, by Rep. John Tierney (D-MA), would have taken $10 million from the Mars Next Decade account and used it for a program in the Department of Justice (the John R. Justice Prosecutors and Defenders program, part of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act).   It was defeated 160-260.

The only amendment that succeeded in changing the amount allocated for NASA during floor debate was agreed to on Tuesday.   It takes $126 million from NASA’s Cross Agency Support account to use for a community policing program in the Department of Justice.

No changes were made to the appropriations commitee’s recommendations for NOAA’s satellite programs.

House passage of the bill will complete House action on its version of the CJS bill, H.R. 5326, but the Senate still must pass its bill and the two must then reconcile their differences before sending it to the President for signature.   The White House indicated before debate on the bill began that it would veto the bill as it was reported from committee.  One of its objections was the reduction in funding for commercial crew compared to the President’s request; that was not changed during floor debate.

 

House Passes FY2013 CJS Bill, Replaces Sequester for DOD with Other Cuts

House Passes FY2013 CJS Bill, Replaces Sequester for DOD with Other Cuts

The House of Representatives passed the FY2013 Commerce-Justice-Science (CJS) appropriations bill that funds NASA and NOAA this afternoon as expected.   Separately, the House also passed legislation to replace deep budget cuts for the Department of Defense that will take effect on January 1, 2013 under the sequester provisions of last year’s Budget Control Act (BCA) with deep cuts elsewhere in the federal budget.

The House has been debating the CJS bill, H.R. 5326, since Tuesday.   In the end, only one amendment was adopted that affects NASA — a $126 million cut to NASA’s Cross Agency Support budget.  The money instead was allocated to a Department of Justice community policing program.  The bill passed on a vote of 247-163.  President Obama earlier threatened to veto the bill.

The other bill passed today would cut $243 billion from food stamps and other mandatory spending programs over the next five years instead of making cuts to the defense budget as required by the BCA.   The Sequester Replacement Reconciliation Act, H.R. 5652, passed 218-199 on a mostly party-line vote.  Only 16 Republicans opposed it, and no Democrats supported it according to The Hill newspaper.

The bill is not expected to pass the Senate. 

At a press conference today, Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Martin Dempsey defended the Obama Administration’s FY2013 budget request for DOD.  That request was crafted after they conducted a strategic assessment of DOD’s future needs.  Responding to the House Armed Services Committee’s (HASC’s) action on the FY2013 National Defense Authorization Act yesterday, Panetta said that “[m]y concern is that if Congress now tries to reverse many of the tough decisions we reached by adding several billion dollars to the president’s budget request, then they risk not only potential gridlock [but]…they could force the kind of trade-offs that could jeopardize our national defense.”   He also insisted that “defense should not be exempt from doing its share to reduce the deficit.”

HASC completed full committee markup of the FY2013 authorization act yesterday, approving $554 billion for national defense plus $88.5 billion for Overseas Contingency Operations.   The funding is $4 billion more than requested by the President.  HASC Chairman Howard “Buck” McKeon said that it nonetheless is less than FY2012 and it “begins to restore sanity to the defense budget.”   He stated that military spending represents “only 20% of the federal budget” but “has absorbed 50% of deficit reductions to date.”   He hailed today’s passage of the Sequester Replacement Reconciliation Act, criticizing Democrats for seeing the sequester as a balanced approach to deficit reduction and saying the bill “reforms the real drivers of our debt and honors the defenders of our freedom.”

Regarding space programs, HASC restored funding for two programs DOD wanted to cancel — Operationally Responsive Space and the Space Test Program — and sharply cut a Missile Defense Agency program called Precision Tracking Space Sensor.

SpaceX and Bigelow Join Forces

SpaceX and Bigelow Join Forces

SpaceX announced today that it is joining forces with Bigelow Aerospace to market opportunities for people to fly into space on SpaceX’s Falcon 9 and Dragon crew space transportation system to inflatable space stations built by Bigelow Aerospace.

Bigelow Aerospace already has launched two small inflatable space station demonstrators, Genesis I and Genesis II, using Russian rockets in 2006 and 2007 respectively.   It is now working on the BA 330 module that it says could accommodate six people.

Key to its space station operations is a transportation system to get people up and back.   Bigelow has been working with Boeing, which is developing the CST-100 spacecraft that would be launched on a U.S. Atlas V rocket.  

Boeing and SpaceX are two of the four companies NASA is funding through Space Act Agreements to develop a commercial crew capability that NASA would use to transport astronauts to and from the International Space Station (ISS).  The other two are Sierra Nevada and Blue Origin.   Congress is pressuring NASA to pick either one or two of those companies for future funding rather than spreading the money over four companies.   NASA is resisting because it wants several options in case some of the companies’ projects do not succeed.

NASA also is funding SpaceX and Orbital Sciences Corp. through Space Act Agreements to develop commercial cargo space transportation systems.  SpaceX plans to use the Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft for both cargo and crew.   Its second test launch as part of the commercial cargo program is currently scheduled for May 19, 2012 although it has been postponed a number of times.  Orbital has not yet conducted any tests of its system.

The announcement emailed by SpaceX today about its crew transportation system stresses that the agreement with Bigelow is for the non-U.S. market.   They will first start their marketing efforts in Asia.   Robert Bigelow said “We’re very excited about working with our colleagues at SpaceX to present the unique services that our two companies can offer to international clientele. We’re eager to join them overseas to discuss the substantial benefits that BA 330 leasing can offer in combination with SpaceX transportation capabilities.”  SpaceX President Gwynne Shotwell said “Together we will provide unique opportunities to entities — whether nations or corporations — wishing to have crewed access to the space environment for extended periods.” 

SpaceX was founded by Internet billionaire Elon Musk, co-founder of PayPal, who serves as SpaceX’s Chief Financial Officer and Chief Technical Officer.   Robert Bigelow similarly is a billionaire who owns the hotel chain Budget Suites of America and is President of Bigelow Aerospace.

 

House Cuts NASA Cross Agency Support, Defeats Other Amendments

House Cuts NASA Cross Agency Support, Defeats Other Amendments

The House of Representatives began debate on the FY2013 Commerce-Justice-Science appropriations bill yesterday.   Several amendments that would have cut NASA funding in order to pay for non-NASA programs were defeated, but one was adopted that cuts $126 million from the Cross Agency Support account.   The House also defeated amendments that would have made across the board cuts.  The House is expected to resume consideration of the bill, H.R. 5326, today.

By a narrow margin, Rep. Michael Grimm (R-NY), succeeded in cutting NASA’s Cross Agency Support budget by $126 million in order to add money to the COPS community policing program in the Department of Justice budget.  The vote was 206-204. 

Rep. Maxine Waters (D-CA), however, did not succeed with her amendment to cut NASA’s aeronautics budget by $44 million and space operations by $38 million in order to add funding for enforcement of financial fraud laws.  It was defeated by voice vote.

Rep. Gary Peters (D-MI) also failed in his proposal to reduce NASA’s Cross Agency Support budget by $17 million and using that money instead for the International Trade Administration and the U.S. Trade Representative.   That amendment initially was adopted by voice vote, but a recorded vote was demanded and it lost 141-261.

Rep. Hank Johnson (D-GA) proposed taking $26 million from NASA’s Cross Agency Support budget and allocating $7.1 million of that instead to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.  The amendment failed 96-314.

A 12.2 percent across the board cut to all spending in the bill was proposed by Rep. Paul Broun (R-GA), although it would have exempted NASA, the U.S. Marshall Service, and the FBI.   The amendment was defeated 105-307.  A separate amendment by Rep. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) for a 1 percent across the board cut, with no exceptions, also was rejected.  That vote was 160-251.

A list of all the amendments considered yesterday and their disposition is on the House Republican Cloakroom’s website.  Debate on the bill is scheduled to resume today along with other legislative business. 

 

 

Briefing on Satellite Export Controls Today at 2:30 pm ET on Capitol Hill-correction

Briefing on Satellite Export Controls Today at 2:30 pm ET on Capitol Hill-correction

CORRECTION:  Corrects the spelling of Bennet (one t, not two) in the text and email address.  Thanks to the reader who pointed it out!

The Aerospace Industries Association and Satellite Industries Association in conjunction with the Senate Aerospace Caucus and Senator Bennet are holding a briefing today at 2:30 pm ET in room SVC 212 of the Capitol Visitor Center.  RSVP to Brian_Appel@bennet.senate.gov.   Speakers are:

Mr. Kevin J. Wolf, Assistant Secretary for Export Administration, Commerce Department

Mr. James Hursch, Director, Defense Technology Security Administration

Maj. Gen. Jay Santee, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy

Industry representatives from the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA)

Industry representatives from the Satellite Industries Association (SIA)

 

NRC Recommends New Method of Determining Planetary Protection Threat to Icy Bodies

NRC Recommends New Method of Determining Planetary Protection Threat to Icy Bodies

The National Research Council (NRC) has recommended a new method of calculating the possibility of microorganisms on spacecraft sent to study icy bodies in the solar system contaminating the objects they are sent to examine — called forward contamination.

The report, Assessment of Planetary Protection Requirements for Spacecraft Missions to Icy Solar System Bodies, looks at how to prevent contamination of bodies such as Jupiter’s moon Europa, Saturn’s moon Enceladus or Neptune’s moon Triton.   A 2000 NRC report made recommendations about planetary protection requirements for Europa, but much has been learned since then.   NASA asked the NRC to relook at the requirements.

Planetary protection requirements for the outer planets have been based on the Coleman-Sagan formula that calculates the probability of a spacecraft mission introducing a single microorganism that could grow in the environment of the target body.  According to the new NRC study, the 2000 Europa study recognized the shortcomings of the Coleman-Sagan formula in estimating the risk of forward contamination and this new study recommends a different approach entirely.

Historically, NRC planetary protection recommendations have become international standards through the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) of the International Council of Science (ICSU).  In 2009, two workshops sponsored by COSPAR led to recommendations for a simplified version of the Coleman-Sagan formula and then to NASA asking the NRC to look at the issue.  This NRC committee found “no scientifically or logically defensible path for improving estimates of factors” for the Coleman-Sagan formula as NASA requested, however.  Instead, it recommends a “binary decision matrix”  — a series of yes/no questions — similar to what the NRC previously recommended (and COSPAR adopted) for samples being returned to Earth. 

The new NRC report argues that its binary decision matrix provides a “more robust basis for determining the appropriate level of planetary protection … because such a procedure would not compound inaccurate and non-independent estimates of probability factors.”

The NASA Advisory Council (NAC) Planetary Science Subcommittee (NAC-PSS) will meet tomorrow and Wednesday.  It is scheduled to be briefed on this new NRC report tomorrow afternoon at 2:45 pm ET according to the current agenda.  The chair of the study was Mitchell Sogin of the Marine Biological Laboratory and the vice-chair was Geoffrey Collins of Wheaton College.   Collins is on the NAC-PSS agenda to discuss the report’s recommendations.

White House Threatens to Veto House CJS Appropriations Bill

White House Threatens to Veto House CJS Appropriations Bill

The Obama Administration has threatened to veto the FY2013 Commerce-Justice-Science (CJS) appropriations bill that is scheduled for floor debate beginning tomorrow.  In its Statement of Administration Policy (SAP) released today, the Administration says that it “strongly opposes” passage of the bill for a long list of reasons including cuts to NOAA’s budget and to NASA’s budget for commercial crew.

The SAP begins by criticizing the overall funding level for the bill, H.R. 5326.  The White House notes that the House adopted lower total spending levels for the federal government than what was agreed to last summer in the Budget Control Act.  It says the lower funding level overall will “cost jobs and hurt average Americans. especially seniors, veterans, and children … [and] degrade many of the basic Government services on which the American people rely such as air traffic control and law enforcement.”

It goes on to list specific objections to different parts of the bill and states “If the president were presented with H.R. 5326, his senior advisors would recommend that he veto the bill.”

Regarding NOAA and NASA, the statement says:

NOAA: “The Administration strongly opposes the $93 million reduction in funding from the FY 2013 Budget request for NOAA. This cut would impact negatively NOAA’s ability to support the Nation’s fisheries and oceans stewardship programs such as protected species programs, which would be cut by $16 million below the FY 2013 Budget request and $20 million below the FY 2012 enacted level. Decreased funding for Protected Species Research and Management could lead to delays in permitting or consultations and result in the development of less precise measures, which could have economic impacts on coastal industries such as fisheries, agriculture, oil and gas development, and coastal construction. The Administration appreciates the Committee’s support for mission-critical satellite programs.”  

NASA:  “The Administration strongly opposes the level of funding provided for the commercial crew program, which is $330 million below the FY 2013 Budget request, as well as restrictive report language that would eliminate competition in the program. This would increase the time the United States will be required to rely solely on foreign providers to transport American astronauts to and from the space station. While the Administration appreciates the overall funding level provided to NASA, the bill provides some NASA programs with unnecessary increases at the expense of other important initiatives.”

 

DigitalGlobe Rejects GeoEye's Offer

DigitalGlobe Rejects GeoEye's Offer

Commercial satellite imagery company DigitalGlobe rejected the purchase bid from its rival, GeoEye, today.

In a press release, DigitalGlobe stated that GeoEye’s offer “substantially undervalues” the company and “does not adequately recognize DigitalGlobe’s superior track record … as well as its [satellite] constellation’s greater capabilities.”

GeoEye sent a letter to DigitalGlobe President Jeffrey Tarr on Friday offering to buy the company for $17 per share.

Tarr’s response today provided a glimpse of the give and take between the two companies over the past year.   Noting that DigitalGlobe rejected previous entreaties from GeoEye beginning in February 2012, the press release says that DigitalGlobe had countered with a proposal for it to acquire GeoEye.  It said that it repeated the offer after GeoEye’s “public hostile offer” on Friday as long as the two could reach agreement over the weekend.  “Given GeoEye’s rejection of that proposal, DigitalGlobe terminated discussions and will await the government reaching its budget decision regarding EnhancedView. When the government reaches its decision, DigitalGlobe will consider whether to make a proposal to acquire GeoEye,” the press release states.

Tarr went further, saying that the “abruptness” of GeoEye’s offer on Friday suggests it was made “in desperation due to highly publicized concerns about potential government decisions that may jeopardize their portion of the EnhancedView program.”

EnhancedView is the contract from the government’s National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) through which the government purchases satellite imagery from the two companies for military and intelligence purposes.   Rumors are rampant that the government will reduce its purchases.

 

Events of Interest: Week of May 6-11, 2012 – UPDATE 2

Events of Interest: Week of May 6-11, 2012 – UPDATE 2

UPDATES:  The Planetary Society’s luncheon on Capitol Hill on Tuesday has been added, along with NASA’s press conference on results from the Dawn spacecraft’s mission to the asteroid Vesta on Thursday.

The following events may be of interest in the week ahead.  The House and Senate both are in session.

During the Week

The FY2013 appropriations cycle continues its march forward this week.   The House is slated to debate the FY2013 Commerce-Justice-Science appropriations bill that funds NASA and NOAA and other agencies beginning Tuesday.   The House appropriations defense subcommittee will markup the FY2013 defense appropriations act in a closed meeting.

Meanwhile, the full House Armed Services Committee (HASC) will markup the FY2013 National Defense Authorization Act on Wednesday at 10:00.  Its subcommittees completed markup two weeks ago.

Monday, May 7

Monday-Thursday, May 7-10

Tuesday, May 8

Tuesday-Wednesday, May 8-9

Wednesday, May 9

Thursday, May 10

Thursday-Friday, May 9-10

Friday, May 11