Category: Commercial

What's Happening in Space Policy January 19-23, 2015 – UPDATE 2

What's Happening in Space Policy January 19-23, 2015 – UPDATE 2

By Marcia Smith | Posted: January 18, 2015 12:00 am ET | Last Updated: January 20, 2015 8:58 am ET

UPDATE, January 20:  New House Armed Services Committee (HASC) Chairman Mac Thornberry will lay out his agenda for the 114th Congress at 10:00 am ET this morning (Monday) to the American Enterprise Institute. It will be webcast.

UPDATE, January 19:  The White House announced today that astronaut Scott Kelly will be one of the many guests sitting with First Lady Michelle Obama during Tuesday’s State of the Union address.  Whether or not the President will mention Kelly and his upcoming year-long mission to the ISS or anything else about the space program is unclear, but it raises that possibility.

January18, 2015: Here is our list of space policy related events coming up for the week of January 19-23, 2015 and any insight we can offer about them.  The House and Senate will be in session for part of the week (Monday is a holiday — Martin Luther King Jr. Day) and on Tuesday will meet in joint session to hear President Obama’s State of the Union Address.

During the Week

The list of events this week is somewhat short, but they are important events that will set the stage for what transpires in months to come.

The two committees that set policy for NASA will hold their organizational meetings this week:  the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation committee on Tuesday and the House Science, Space and Technology (SS&T) Committee on Wednesday.   Committee and subcommittee members are usually formalized at these meetings and the chairs and ranking members often use the opportunity to lay out their priorities for the year.  The Senate committee will now be run by Republicans instead of Democrats since Republicans won control of the Senate in last year’s elections.  Sen. John Thune (R-SD) will be chairman and Sen. BIll Nelson (D-FL) is the ranking member.   In space policy circles. a lot of attention is being paid to the selection of Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) to chair the Space, Science and Competitiveness subcommittee and what that may mean especially for NASA’s earth science program.   Cruz told the Houston Chronicle his overall priorities for oversight of the U.S. civil space program, starting with reauthorization of the Commercial Space Launch Act (CSLA) and returning NASA to its “core priority of exploring space.”

Rep. Lamar Smith (R-TX) and Rep. Steve Palazzo (R-MS) will retain their leadership positions on the full House SS&T committee and its Space Subcommittee respectively.  Smith said last year that CSLA will be one of his top priorities in this Congress.  A prohibition on the FAA enacting new regulations on commercial human spaceflight expires this year, so that is certain to be a topic for debate.  How the October 2014 Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo crash will affect the outcome is an open question.

On Tuesday, NASA Administrator Charlie Bolden will speak to the Maryland Space Business Roundtable (MSBR).  While he won’t be able to talk about the President’s upcoming budget request for FY2016, which will not be released until February 2, he should be able to explain how the agency will spend the extra half billion dollars Congress provided for the current fiscal year above the President’s request, and provide updates on ongoing programs.   He and members of his NASA Advisory Council (NAC) had frank exchanges about the Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) last week and perhaps he will try once more to convince the space community that moving an asteroid — or part of an asteroid — from one place in the solar system to another is critical to achieving the long term goal of sending humans to Mars.   That is the part of the mission NAC members question.   NASA says it will announce in “mid-January” its choice of whether to move an entire small asteroid (Option A) or pluck a boulder off of a larger asteroid (Option B) and move just that part.  It is mid-January already.  Perhaps Bolden will make the announcement at the MSBR meeting, though we have not heard any rumors to that effect.  The decision was supposed to have been announced last month, but was delayed at the last moment.

Also on Tuesday, President Obama will present his annual State of the Union Address.  There is no indication that the space program will be mentioned, but it should be interesting nonetheless to see what the President has in mind as he faces his last two years in office with a Congress controlled entirely by Republicans.  During his first two years, Democrats controlled both chambers.  Democrats lost the House in 2010 and he faced a split Congress for the next four years.  Now they have lost the Senate as well and Republicans made significant gains in the House.   Expectations are low that Washington gridlock will come to an end.  Senate Democrats may be as effective in the minority as the Republicans were for four years and the President wields the veto pen.

Tuesday, January 20

Wednesday, January 21

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2015 8:58 am ET
Beagle Found on Mars, SpaceX Crash Video, and Other Highlights from Today

Beagle Found on Mars, SpaceX Crash Video, and Other Highlights from Today

By Marcia Smith | Posted: January 16, 2015 12:00 am ET | Last Updated: January 16, 2015 11:33 pm ET

Today has been a busy day, with many interesting announcements from around the globe ranging from locating Europe’s Beagle-2 lander on Mars to SpaceX’s release of video of its Falcon 9 first stage crashing into instead of landing on an autonomous drone ship to NASA’s release of its source selection statements for the CCtCAP awards to Boeing and SpaceX and several more.

Here are brief summaries with links to more information:

  • Beagle-2 Located on Mars.  Just over 11 years after it was lost, the United Kingdom’s (UK’s) Beagle-2 Mars lander has been found.  The lander was attached to the European Space Agency’s (ESA’s) Mars Express orbiter, which reached Mars in 2003 and continues to operate successfully.  The fate of Beagle-2 has been a mystery, though.   It separated from Mars Express six days before the orbiter arrived at Mars in December 2003 and was not heard from after its scheduled touchdown.    Analysis of imagery from a high resolution camera on NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) now has located Beagle-2 and the imagery shows that it did reach the surface and partially deployed.  ESA issued a press release.  The project was led by Prof. Colin Pillinger from the UK’s Open University, who passed away in May 2014.  The BBC has several videos from individuals associated the mission reacting to the news and stills of the imagery showing where it landed.
  • SpaceX Crash Video.   SpaceX founder and Chief Designer Elon Musk (@elonmusk) tweeted a video today taken by cameras aboard the company’s autonomous drone ship on which a Falcon 9 first stage was supposed to land last week.  The first stage was part of a Falcon 9 rocket that successfully lofted SpaceX’s fifth operational cargo mission (SpaceX CRS-5 or SpX-5) to the International Space Station on January 10.  The goal was to land the first stage on the drone ship as part of SpaceX’s goal to develop a reusable rocket, but instead of landing, it crashed into the ship.  Musk revealed the outcome that day, but the video was released only today.  It’s a spectacular crash, but many people tweeted their support today for Musk to keep trying including competitor United Launch Alliance President Tory Bruno, who said in a tweet (@torybruno) “Good luck next time.  I still have people from DCX.  Let me know if we can help.”  The video does not seem to be posted on SpaceX’s website, but it is posted elsewhere, including SpaceFlightNow.com.  Musk blamed the crash on insufficient hydraulic fluid in the “grid fins” designed to add stability.  SpaceX plans to try again on the DSCOVR launch, now scheduled for January 31. Musk said SpaceX already had increased by 50% the amount of hydraulic fluid for that flight.
  • The Air Force announced that the launch of the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) has been delayed by two days to January 31.
  • ESA Director General Jean-Jacques Dordain held his annual press breakfast meeting this morning to lay out ESA’s plans for the coming year.  A video of the event is on ESA’s website.
  • Russian news reports said that opera singer Sarah Brightman delayed her training for an upcoming flight to the International Space Station by a week.  At first, the reports said she had a cold, but later said that it was because her mother was ill.
  • Late this afternoon NASA released its source selection statements for the Commercial Crew Transportation Capability (CCtCAP) awards to Boeing and SpaceX. Sierra Nevada protested the awards, but the Government Accountability Office (GAO) denied the protest.
Last Updated: Jan 16, 2015 11:33 pm ET
Cruz Lays Out Space Agenda, First Up is CSLA

Cruz Lays Out Space Agenda, First Up is CSLA

By Marcia Smith | Posted: January 14, 2015 12:00 am ET | Last Updated: January 14, 2015 7:34 pm ET

Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) laid out his agenda on space issues today, issuing the transcript of an interview with the Houston Chronicle’s Eric Berger as a press release.  Cruz is set to chair the Senate Commerce Committee’s Space, Science and Competitiveness subcommittee, which oversees NASA.

One of his subcommittee’s first priorities will be reauthorization of the Commercial Space Launch Act (CSLA), he said.  He expressed support for SpaceX’s “substantial investments” in Texas, which has a rocket development and testing facility in McGregor and is building a launch site near Brownsville.  “I am an enthusiastic advocate of competition and allowing the private sector to innovate,” he told Berger.

He also signaled support for the Space Launch System (SLS) and Orion, which he labeled “critical to our medium- and long-term ability to explore space, whether it’s the Moon, Mars or beyond.”  As for the Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM), he was noncommittal:  “The [ARM] mission has at times seemed to have had a changing and shifting focus.”  He said he wants to hold hearings “to help NASA articulate and formulate its priorities for space exploration, whether to an asteroid, the moon, Mars or beyond.”

A number of articles have been published in recent days expressing concern about the fate of science, especially climate change science, under his stewardship.  He is a climate change skeptic.  He is chairing an authorization subcommittee, which has an important policy role, but it would be difficult for him to get a law enacted to curtail that research.

Berger did not ask him about that, but in response to a question about whether he was interested in space while growing up, Cruz criticized the Obama Administration for losing sight of NASA’s “core mission” and vowed to refocus NASA on “its core priority of exploring space.”  “We need to get back to the hard sciences, to manned space exploration and to the innovation that has been integral to the mission of NASA.  We should not be allowing NASA to have its resources diverted to extraneous political agendas and apart from exploring space.”

What he means by that is not entirely clear.  Some speculate he was referring to climate change science, while others thought it might mean science overall or perhaps a reference to geopolitical competition.  Cruz made clear that he does not like the United States being reliant on Russia for launches to the International Space Station (ISS) and complained that the Obama Administration has provided “insufficient” responses to his questions about the consequences if Russia “shut off the Soyuz.” He also said he did not  want U.S. dependence on RD-180 engines.

NASA Administrator Charlie Bolden told the NASA Advisory Council today that he has met Cruz once and he was “cordial,” but Bolden does not know if Cruz will be as active on NASA issues as was Sen. Bill Nelson (D-FL).  Nelson chaired the subcommittee in the last Congress when Democrats controlled the Senate.  Bolden and Nelson are close friends.  Nelson flew on the space shuttle in 1986 (STS-61C) when he was a Congressman and Bolden was the pilot of that mission.  Nelson is widely credited with getting Bolden the job as NASA Administrator.  He is now the top Democrat on the full Senate Commerce Committee.

Last Updated: Jan 14, 2015 7:34 pm ET
What's Happening in Space Policy January 12-16, 2015

What's Happening in Space Policy January 12-16, 2015

By Marcia Smith | Posted: January 11, 2015 12:00 am ET | Last Updated: January 11, 2015 5:32 pm ET

Here is our list of space policy events for the week of January 12-16, 2015 and any insight we can offer about them.  The House and Senate are in session this week.

During the Week

The week starts off with the berthing of the SpaceX CRS-5 (SpX-5) Dragon spacecraft with the International Space Station at about 6:00 am ET Monday morning.  It may seem anticlimatic compared with Saturday’s SpX-5 launch — or rather the attempted landing of the Falcon 9 first stage on an autonomous drone ship.   While that didn’t go as planned, as a test it certainly was a success as a step towards reusability.

Congressional committee activities for the 114th Congress get off to a start this week.  Many House committees, including the House Armed Services Committee (HASC), are holding their organizational meetings to adopt rules, lay out majority and minority agendas, and complete administrative tasks.   Rep. MacThornberry (R-TX) takes over the HASC gavel this Congress from Howard “Buck” McKeon (R-CA), who retired.   Over in the Senate, SASC is holding an actual hearing with a single witness — Henry Kissinger — expounding on global challenges and U.S. national security.  Sen. John McCain (R-AZ) will chair SASC in this Congress.   Space topics do not usually arise in hearings like these on broad, top level national security issues, but U.S. dependence on Russia for rocket engines, the overall state of national security space assets, or perceived threats posed by China’s space activities might come up depending on where the conversation goes.

Down at Stennis Space Center, MS, the NASA Advisory Council (NAC) and two of its committees — Science  and Human Exploration and Operations (HEO) — will meet this week.  A joint session Monday afternoon between the Science and HEO committees might be particularly interesting.  Then, on Tuesday morning HEO Associate Administrator Bill Gerstenmaier will provide the HEO committee with an update on HEO activities overall and Michele Gates and Lindley Johnson will present an update on the Asteroid Redirect Mission.  Later in the day, Alan Lindenmoyer will offer NAC-HEO “lessons learned” from the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program.  The meetings are available virtually via WebEx and telecon (click on the links to those meetings below or on the right menu for instructions).

Those and other events of interest that we know about as of Sunday afternoon are listed below.

Monday, January 12

Monday-Tuesday, January 12-13

Tuesday, January 13

Wednesday-Thursday, January 14-15

Thursday, January 15

Friday, January 16

Last Updated: Jan 11, 2015 5:32 pm ET
SpaceX CRS-5 Launch Successful; Landing "Close But No Cigar" – UPDATE

SpaceX CRS-5 Launch Successful; Landing "Close But No Cigar" – UPDATE

By Marcia Smith | Posted: January 10, 2015 12:00 am ET | Last Updated: January 17, 2015 4:52 pm ET

SpaceX founder and Chief Designer Elon Musk reported early this morning (January 10) that the landing of his Falcon 9 first stage on a drone ship did not go as planned:  “Close, but no cigar.”  However, the main objective of the launch today was sending a Dragon cargo resupply spacecraft to the International Space Station (ISS) and that part of the mission is proceeding flawlessly.

Liftoff of this fifth SpaceX operational cargo resupply mission, SpaceX CRS-5 or SpX-5, was on time at 4:47 am EST this morning from Cape Canaveral, FL.  The countdown proceeded without a hitch this time, unlike the previous launch attempt on Tuesday when launch was scrubbed with just over one minute to go because of a malfunctioning second stage thrust vector control actuator. SpaceX replaced that actuator for today’s launch.

The first and second stages of the Falcon 9 rocket performed as planned, placing Dragon into the correct orbit for it to reach the ISS on Monday at about 6:00 am EST.  It carries 5,108 pounds of food, water, clothing, experiments and equipment for the six-person crew living aboard the space station.

Delivering cargo for NASA is the main job, but interest in the launch was especially high because of SpaceX’s test of landing the Falcon 9 first stage on a platform in the ocean — an “autonomous drone ship.”  The company already successfully conducted two “landings” on water, but the stage, of course, tipped over into the water at the end.   Today’s test was to have a survivable landing. The tests are related to Musk’s goal of developing a reusable rocket.  The only reusable launch vehicle successfully developed and flown to date was the U.S. space shuttle.  The shuttle’s airplane-like orbiters, which included the system’s three main engines, and its solid rocket boosters were all reusable.  The shuttle program was terminated in 2011 after 30 years of flights.

Today, one of the nine Falcon 9 first stage engines reignited for the “boost back” stage of the flight and it reached the ship, but “landed hard” as Musk tweeted (@elonmusk) in the first of several messages throughout the morning:

“Rocket made it to drone ship, but landed hard. Close, but no cigar this time.  Bodes well for the future, tho.”

“Ship itself is fine.  Some of the support equipment on the deck will need to be replaced ….”

“Didn’t get good landing/impact video.  Pitch dark and foggy. Will piece it together from telemetry and … actual pieces.”

“Grid fins worked extremely well from hypersonic velocity to subsonic, but ran out of hydraulic fuel right before landing.”

“Upcoming flight already has 50% more hydraulic fluid, so should have plenty of margin for landing attempt next month.”

“Am super proud of my team for making huge strides towards reusability on this mission,  You guys rock!”

On January 16,  Musk tweeted video taken by a camera on the done ship of the first stage crashing into it.   The video does not appear to be posted on SpaceX’s website, but other sites, such as SpaceflightNow.com, have done so.

Note:  This article was updated shortly after noon EST on January 10 (the day of launch) with more of Musk’s tweets and deleting the reference to a NASA press conference that had been scheduled for 6:30 am, but subsequently cancelled.  It also was updated on January 17 with the link to the video of the crash landing on the drone ship.

Last Updated: Jan 17, 2015 4:52 pm ET
SpaceX CRS-5 Still on for Early Saturday Morning

SpaceX CRS-5 Still on for Early Saturday Morning

By Marcia Smith | Posted: January 9, 2015 12:00 am ET | Last Updated: January 9, 2015 10:13 pm ET

As of 10:00 pm Eastern Standard Time (EST) tonight, January 9, SpaceX’s fifth operational cargo resupply mission to the International Space Station (ISS) is still on schedule for launch at 4:47 am EST tomorrow morning.

The launch of Space X CRS-5, or SpX-5,  has been delayed several times since its original December 9, 2014 launch date.   Most recently it was scrubbed just over one minute before launch on January 6 because of a malfunctioning thrust vector control actuator in a second stage engine.  SpaceX reportedly has replaced that actuator and is on track for tomorrow morning’s launch.  The weather forecast is 80 percent favorable.

NASA TV coverage of the launch begins at 3:30 am EST.

Last Updated: Jan 09, 2015 10:13 pm ET
Virgin Galactic Determined to Persevere and Succeed

Virgin Galactic Determined to Persevere and Succeed

By Marcia Smith | Posted: January 9, 2015 12:00 am ET | Last Updated: January 9, 2015 9:45 pm ET

Virgin Galactic CEO George Whitesides made clear today that the company remains committed to its goal of opening space for all both with suborbital flights of passengers and launches of small satellites.

The company, owned by Richard Branson, is still recovering from a fatal SpaceShipTwo spaceplane test flight accident on October 31, 2014 that killed one of the two pilots.  Co-pilot Michael Alsbury died. Pilot Peter Siebold survived.  The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has not completed its investigation, but determined that Alsbury prematurely moved a lever to initiate a “feathering system” designed to slow the spaceplane during its descent.  It should have been moved when the spaceplane was at Mach 1.4, but he moved it at Mach 1.02 during ascent.  Deployment of the feathering system was supposed to require a second lever to be moved by the pilot and that did not take place.  Why it deployed nonetheless is still under scrutiny.  The deployment of the feathering system at the wrong time apparently created aerodynamic forces that ripped the spaceplane apart.

Whitesides said that Virgin Galactic (VG) will “recover, we’ll learn the hard lessons from the accident, and return to flight.”  In fact, he said test flights will resume in 2015 and commercial flights will begin in 2016. 

VG was planning to build five SpaceShipTwo vehicles.  The one lost in the October accident was the only completed vehicle, but a second was already in manufacturing.  Today, Whitesides said structural fabrication is over 90 percent complete as well as two-thirds of the systems.  “Weight on wheels is now in sight,” he told the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) SciTech2015 conference in Kissimmee, FL, adding that the vehicle will accommodate any changes identified by the NTSB to enhance safety.

Society has become “risk intolerant,” Whitesides observed, which has both positive and negative consequences.  Injuries may be reduced by people wearing bike helmets, but taking “smart risks” is essential to progress.  He said he has spent a great deal of time since the accident explaining the nature of test flights to the public and press and concedes that VG could have done a better job of managing expectations.  There is no simple answer to when a vehicle is ready to fly, he stressed.

As for launching small satellites (smallsats), VG is developing LauncherOne, an air-launched vehicle.  Whitesides was optimistic about the market for such satellites, especially constellations of low Earth orbit (LEO) smallsats that will need continual replenishment.   The first flight test of LauncherOne is expected in 2016.

Branson “has redoubled his commitment” to VG, Whitesides asserted.  “A second spaceship is close at hand and we are hard at work on LauncherOne. We will persevere and ultimately succeed,” he vowed.

Correction:  An earlier version of this article identified Whitesides as President of VG.  He is currently its CEO.

 

 

 

 

Last Updated: Jan 09, 2015 9:45 pm ET
Senate Commerce Names Subcommittee Chairs: Ted Cruz for NASA, Marco Rubio for NOAA

Senate Commerce Names Subcommittee Chairs: Ted Cruz for NASA, Marco Rubio for NOAA

By Marcia Smith | Posted: January 8, 2015 12:00 am ET | Last Updated: January 8, 2015 9:55 pm ET

The Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee today announced who will chair its subcommittees in the 114th Congress.   Ted Cruz (R-TX) will chair the subcommittee that oversees NASA, while Marco Rubio (R-FL) will chair the one with jurisdiction over NOAA.

The Senate is now in Republican hands, so all committee and subcommittee chairs are Republican and ranking members are Democrats (though there are two Independents, who usually vote with Democrats, who might also hold committee leadership positions).   The full Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee is chaired by Sen. John Thune (R-SD), who announced the six subcommittee chairs today.  The two of most interest to the space policy community are the Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries and Coast Guard, which includes NOAA, and the Subcommittee on Space, Science and Competitiveness, which includes NASA and added “competitiveness” to its title this year.

Cruz was the top Republican on the Science and Space subcommittee last year, so his ascension to chair is not unexpected.   He did not play a prominent public role in NASA matters in the last Congress, and is known mostly for his advocacy of reduced government spending overall and opposition to almost anything that the Obama Administration supports.  Bill Nelson (D-FL) chaired the subcommittee in the previous Congress, when it was controlled by Democrats, and is an ardent NASA supporter, having flown on the space shuttle in 1986 when he was a Member of the House of Representatives.  Nelson is now the top Democrat on the full Senate Commerce Committee.

Like Cruz, Rubio was the top Republican on the Oceans/Atmosphere subcommittee in the last Congress and now becomes chair.   All of NOAA’s activities are within the jurisdiction of the subcommittee and historically it has focused more on fisheries and coastal issues than on space.

Last Updated: Jan 08, 2015 9:55 pm ET
SpaceX CRS-5 Slips Another Day to January 10

SpaceX CRS-5 Slips Another Day to January 10

By Marcia Smith | Posted: January 7, 2015 12:00 am ET | Last Updated: January 7, 2015 4:35 pm ET

The launch of SpaceX’s fifth operational cargo mission to the International Space Station (ISS) has been delayed another day, to January 10, 2015.  The launch time for SpaceX CRS-5, or SpX-5, that day is 4:47 am EST.  NASA TV coverage will begin at 3:30 am EST.

The launch was scrubbed on Tuesday, January 6, just over one minute before launch.  The problem was with a thrust vector control actuator in a second stage engine.  That was the latest is a series of schedule changes for this mission, whose original launch date was December 9. 

If launch does not take place on Saturday, the next opportunity is Tuesday, January 13, at 3:36 am EST. 

The launch is generating a lot of interest because SpaceX plans to return the Falcon 9 first stage to an “autonomous drone ship” as a further step in its goal to develop a reusable rocket.   SpaceX officials stress, however, that the primary objective of this mission is delivering cargo to the ISS.   SpaceX is one of two companies that provide “commercial cargo” services to NASA. The other, Orbital Sciences Corporation, is currently recovering from the loss of its Antares rocket and Cygnus spacecraft in an October launch failure and it is not clear when its next launch will take place.  Thus, NASA is quite anxious to get this SpaceX mission launched to deliver 5,108 pounds of food, water, clothing, research experiments and equipment.

The delay could also affect other SpaceX launches.  The launch of the NOAA-NASA-Air Force Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) was already delayed by an earlier slip to this SpX-5 launch.

Last Updated: Jan 07, 2015 4:35 pm ET
SpaceX CRS-5 Launch Scrubbed for Today – UPDATE

SpaceX CRS-5 Launch Scrubbed for Today – UPDATE

By Marcia Smith | Posted: January 6, 2015 12:00 am ET | Last Updated: January 6, 2015 1:21 pm ET

SpaceX scrubbed its launch of its fifth operational cargo mission to the International Space Station (ISS) this morning 81 seconds before launch. The countdown had been proceeding smoothly, but, according to NASA, was scrubbed when a thrust vector control actuator on the second stage did not perform as expected.

The mission, Space-X CRS-5 or SpX-5, is carrying 5,108 pounds of food, water, clothing, research experiments, and  equipment for the ISS crew. 

The next launch opportunity is on Friday, January 9, at 5:09 am Eastern Standard Time (EST) and NASA TV coverage will begin at 4:00 am EST if SpaceX determines it is ready for launch that day.

A planned post-launch briefing was cancelled.  NASA said to check www.nasa.gov/spacex for updates.

Interest in this launch is especially high because SpaceX plans to land the Falcon 9 first stage on an autonomous drone ship as the next step in its plans to make the first stage reusable.

Note:  this article was updated several times as new information became available.

Last Updated: Jan 06, 2015 1:21 pm ET

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