Author: Marcia Smith

UPDATE: NASA, NOAA's JPSS Do OK in Final Approps Minibus

UPDATE: NASA, NOAA's JPSS Do OK in Final Approps Minibus

UPDATE: We now have updated our NASA FY2012 budget request fact sheet, and an article with more info on NOAA and FAA’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation is available as well.

All things considered, NASA, and NOAA’s Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program, fared pretty well in the final version of the “minibus” appropriations bill (H.R. 2112), which is now posted on the website of the House Appropriations Committee.

The final numbers are very close to what the Senate approved. NASA would get $17.8 billion for FY2012, and while that is $924 million less than the $18.7 billion request, it is about $1 billion more than the House Appropriations Committee approved. The Senate approved $17.9 billion. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will be funded with the additional amount approved by the Senate, instead of terminated as recommended by the House committee.

NOAA’s JPSS environmental satellite program will get $924 million, compared to the $1.07 billion request. The House committee had approved $901 million, while the Senate approved $920 million.

We will have more details and an updated fact sheet later today.

Roscosmos Head Comments on Phobos-Grunt

Roscosmos Head Comments on Phobos-Grunt

Russia’s space agency, Roscosmos, finally has a statement on its website about the Phobos-Grunt situation.

Based on translations using Yahoo! Bable Fish and Google Translate, Roscosmos head Vladimir Popovkin confirms that they have not been able to communicate with the spacecraft, which has been stranded in Earth orbit since its launch on Tuesday. A retired Army general, Popovkin took over the agency earlier this year.

Popovkin’s comments appear to be the first official public statement from Roscosmos about the fate of the spacecraft. In the interim, a number of unnamed sources have been quoted in the Russian media about how long they have to revive the spacecraft before it misses the window to go to Mars or reenters Earth’s atmosphere. Earlier reports stated that the Mars window closes on November 21, but Popovkin said they have until early December. As for when it would reenter the atmosphere, earlier assessments ranged from late November to early December, but Popovkin said January.

He played down the risk of damage if the probe reenters. Others point out that the spacecraft carries a substantial amount of toxic fuel for its journey to Mars and return to Earth of a sample of Mars’s moon Phobos. Popovkin expressed confidence, however, that the spacecraft would burn up (“explode”) during reentry. That statement does not seem to take into account, however, that the sample return portion of the probe was specifically designed to survive reentry.

In addition to its main mission of returning a sample of Phobos, the spacecraft also includes a small Chinese Mars orbiter — China’s first deep space probe — and an experiment from The Planetary Society containing Earth organisms that were to make the journey to Phobos and back.

Senate Committee Announces Witnesses for Thursday's NASA Hearing

Senate Committee Announces Witnesses for Thursday's NASA Hearing

The Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee has announced the witnesses for its hearing on Thursday concerning NASA’s human space exploration program. All are from NASA.

The hearing, “NASA’s Human Space Exploration: Direction, Strategy, and Progress,” is being convened by the Science and Space subcommittee chaired by Senator Bill Nelson (D-FL). According to the committee’s website: “At this hearing, the Subcommittee will consider NASA’s plans for human exploration, including the programs, projects, and activities for developing the Space Launch System, crew vehicle, and ground support. This hearing will provide an opportunity to articulate NASA’s goals for human exploration and how they complement International Space Station support and utilization, technology development, international collaboration, and commercial activities.”

Panel 1 consists only of NASA Administrator Charles Bolden. Panel 2 consists of three NASA center directors: Robert Cabana, Kennedy Space Center; Michael Coats, Johnon Space Center; and Robert Lightfoot, Marshall Space Flight Center.

The hearing begins at 10:00 am EST and will be webcast on the committee’s website.

Senate Weather Hearing Features Cross Section of Witnesses

Senate Weather Hearing Features Cross Section of Witnesses

The Senate Commerce, Science and Transporation committee’s hearing on Wednesday about the need for innovation in weather forecasting and prediction will feature a broad cross-section of witnesses from federal and state government and the private sector.

The committee released the witness list today:

Witness Panel 1

The Honorable Mary M. Glackin
Deputy Under Secretary for Operations
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The Honorable Todd J. Zinser
Inspector General
U.S. Department of Commerce

Mr. David C. Trimble
Director, Natural Resources and Environment
Government Accountability Office

Rear Admiral Cari B. Thomas
Director of Response Policy
U.S. Coast Guard

Witness Panel 2

Mr. Tom Iseman
Program Director, Water Policy and Implementation, Climate Adaptation
Western Governors’ Association

Dr. Peter P. Neilley
Vice President, Global Forecasting Services
The Weather Channel Companies

Mr. Robert Marshall
President and CEO
Earth Networks

The hearing starts at 10:30 on Wednesday, November 16, and will be webcast on the committee’s website.

UPDATE 5: Soyuz TMA-22 Docks with ISS

UPDATE 5: Soyuz TMA-22 Docks with ISS

UPDATE 5: Soyuz TMA-22 successfully docked with the ISS at 12:24 am EST November 16.

UPDATE 4: Soyuz TMA-22 is in orbit.

UPDATE 3: Snow notwithstanding, Soyuz TMA-22 lifts off on time at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

UPDATE 2: Ten minutes to liftoff.

UPDATE: The gantry has been retracted in preparation for launch.

ORIGINAL STORY: The next International Space Station (ISS) crew is awaiting launch at 11:14 tonight EST (Monday morning local time at the launch site) amidst a snowstorm.

Two Russians and an American are aboard the Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft. The three are Anatoly Ivanishin, Anton Shkaplerov and Dan Burbank. If all goes according to plan, the spacecraft will dock with ISS just after midnight on Wednesday EST.

NASA is covering the launch live on NASA TV.

UPDATE 2: Events of Interest: Week of November 13-19, 2011

UPDATE 2: Events of Interest: Week of November 13-19, 2011

UPDATE 2: The House Rules Committee meeting on the “minibus” appropriations bill on Wednesday has been added, along with the opening of an exhibit at the American Museum of Natural History in New York on Saturday.

UPDATE: USSTRATCOM’s Cyber and Space Symposium on Tuesday-Thursday has been added.

The following events may be of interest in the coming week. For more information, check our calendar on the right menu or click the links below. The House and Senate both are in session this week.

During the Week

This is another “government-shutdown watch” week. The FY2012 Continuing Resolution (CR) that has been keeping the government operating since October 1 expires on Friday. Funding for NASA, NOAA and the FAA (including the Office of Commercial Space Transportation) is included in a package of three appropriations bills (H.R. 2112) that passed the Senate two weeks ago. If agreement can be reached with the House before Friday, those agencies, and the others included in that package, will know their FY2012 funding levels for the rest of the year. Another CR will be needed for all the other agencies (including DOD) in any case.

The November 23 deadline for the supercommittee is fast approaching. How much progress they will make this week is up in the air. Opinions among Washington pundits vary widely as to their chances of success in reaching agreement on how to reduce the deficit by at least $1.2 trillion over 10 years. If they do not, automatic spending cuts are supposed to go into effect, an outcome so dire that it was included in the deal as a deterrent against partisan bickering preventing agreement. Some Members of Congress already are suggesting that the deal be changed if the supercommittee fails, but President Obama said that he would not accept any changes.

Russia’s effort to contact the Phobos-Grunt (Phobos-soil) spacecraft stranded in Earth orbit are expected to continue. The window to Mars closes on November 21. They have that long to determine what went awry shortly after the spacecraft and its Fregat upper stage successfully separated from the Zenit booster last Tuesday. The spacecraft has been silent since. If they cannot resurrect it, the fully fueled Phobos-Grunt would make an uncontrolled reentry sometime in December.

Everyone is hoping for a nominal launch TONIGHT (Sunday) at 11:14 pm EST (Monday morning local time at the launch site in Baikonur) of the next International Space Station crew. The launch of the Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft with two Russians and one American aboard a Soyuz rocket was delayed by an August 24 launch failure of a similar Soyuz rocket, but Russian and American space program managers appear confident that the rocket is fit for duty.

Sunday, November 13

Monday, November 14

  • Space Transportation Association seminar on China Space & Cyber Challenges, 2318 Rayburn House Office Building, 11:00 am – 12:30 pm EST (RSVP required — check our calender for more details)
  • ABC TV interview with Rep. Gabrielle Giffords (D-AZ) and her husband, former astronaut Mark Kelly, 10:00 pm EST

Monday-Wednesday, November 14-16

Tuesday, November 15

Tuesday-Wednesday, November 15-16

Tuesday-Thursday, November 15-17

Wednesday, November 16

Thursday, November 17

Friday, November 18

Friday-Saturday, November 18-19

  • National Air & Space Museum (NASM) symposium “Moving Beyond Earth: Innovations in Space,” NASM, 600 Independence Ave., SW, Washington DC
    • Friday night, November 18, 8:00 – 9:00 pm EST, movie “Orphans of Apollo”
    • Saturday, November 19, 9:30 am – 5:30 pm, panel discussions and family activities

Saturday, November 19

Next ISS Crew Ready for Launch on Sunday

Next ISS Crew Ready for Launch on Sunday

Two Russians and an American are getting ready to launch to the International Space Station (ISS) Sunday night Eastern Standard Time (Monday morning at the launch site). At the same time, the current three ISS crew members will be coming home soon.

Anatoly Ivanishin, Anton Shkaplerov and Dan Burbank are scheduled to launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan in the Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft at 11:14 pm EST (11:14 am Monday at Baikonur). The three will join a Russian, an American and a Japanese who have been aboard the ISS for nearly six months. Both the spacecraft and the rocket used to launch it are named Soyuz.

The launch of Soyuz TMA-22 was delayed for several weeks while Russia investigated the cause of an August 24 launch failure of a Soyuz rocket that doomed the Progress M-12M (or Progress 44 in NASA’s numbering system) cargo spacecraft intended to take supplies to the ISS. Consequently, the ISS has had only three crewmembers instead of six aboard for a longer than usual time.

Russia launched three Soyuz rockets in October demonstrating that the basic vehicle appears fit for duty. One of those sent another Progress cargo craft to the ISS. There are several versions of the Soyuz rocket, and the one that will be used for Soyuz TMA-22 tomorrow is somewhat different from those that flew in October, but Russian and American space program managers clearly are convinced that the rocket is flight ready. The August 24 launch failure was traced to a clogged fuel line.

Each Soyuz spacecraft can accommodate three people. ISS crews rotate three-at-a-time on roughly six month schedules that coincide with the on-orbit lifetime of the Soyuz spacecraft that take them back and forth and serve as “lifeboats” in case there is an emergency. A Soyuz spacecraft can remain in orbit for about 200-210 days, meaning that the three crew members who are already aboard ISS must return very soon as their Soyuz TMA-02M spacecraft reaches that limit. Those three — Mike Fossum, Satoshi Furakawa, and Sergei Volkov — will return on November 21.

The new crew will dock with ISS on at 12:33 am EST on Wednesday, November 16, providing only a few days to hand over operations from one crew to another.

ISS will then be back to a three-person crew until normal operations are expected to resume with the launch of another three-person crew (one Russian, one American and one European) on December 21. The number of crew aboard the ISS directly affects how much time is available for conducting scientific experiments in the three international laboratories — the U.S. Destiny module, Europe’s Columbus module, and Japan’s Kibo module — that comprise part of the orbiting facility. Scientific research in the microgravity environment of space was one of the primary rationales for building the space station.

Tomorrow’s launch begins a week of human spaceflight related events. On Monday-Wednesday, NASA is hosting a “community workshop” on long term plans for human spaceflight where it will introduce the results of the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG). On Thursday, a Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation subcommittee will hold a hearing on NASA’s human space exploration program.

No News is … No News: Phobos-Grunt Remains Silent as NASA Prepares to Launch Curiosity

No News is … No News: Phobos-Grunt Remains Silent as NASA Prepares to Launch Curiosity

The old saying that no news is good news certainly does not apply in the case of Russia’s Phobos-Grunt Mars mission. Russian experts still have not been able to communicate with the spacecraft, stranded in Earth orbit since Tuesday. Meanwhile, NASA is preparing to launch its next Mars probe, Curiosity, on the day after Thanksgiving.

Russia’s space agency, Roscosmos, is as silent about the situation as the spacecraft itself. Though the Russian language version of its website continues to be updated regarding other Russian space missions, nothing has been posted about Phobos-Grunt. Tomorrow’s scheduled launch of Soyuz TMA-22 to the International Space Station dominates the Roscosmos site. The link to the Phobos-Grunt mission clearly is to material posted prior to the launch. (A note on the English language version of the site has stated for some time that it will not be updated until November 30 for unexplained reasons.)

Russia’s main news agency, Itar-Tass, carried a story yesterday, but it was a summnary of what other Russian media sources were reporting, not its own story.

Today, Ria Novosti reports that continued attempts to communicate with the spacecraft failed again overnight and this morning. That report cites an unnamed source as saying that November 21 is the cutoff date for efforts to resolve whatever problem has beset Phobos-Grunt and send it on its way to Mars. Emily Lakdawalla, blogging for The Planetary Society, which has an experiment on the spacecraft, explains that November 21 is when the launch window to Mars closes. Earth and Mars are correctly aligned to enable launches only every 26 months. Although Russian experts estimate that Phobos-Grunt will reenter Earth’s atmosphere around December 3 if contact cannot be restored, there is less time available in order to send it on its journey.

Meanwhile, NASA is getting ready to launch its next Mars spacecraft on November 25, the day after Thanksgiving. Like Phobos-Grunt, the NASA spacecraft, named Curiosity or the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), is a technically risky mission with rich scientific potential. Russia’s history of Mars probes has been jinxed since it began in the 1960s, and although NASA has suffered several high profile failures (Mariner 8, Mars Observer, Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander), it also has stunning successes, including the twin Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity. The new spacecraft, Curiosity, will use a new, challenging landing method — a “sky crane” — that will undoubtedly have scientists and engineers on the edge of their seats next year when the spacecraft reaches its destination.

For the next week or so, however, attention will continue to focus on Russia’s Mars mission, Phobos-Grunt, and whether miracles can still happen.

Senate Committee to Hold Hearing Next Week on Human Spaceflight

Senate Committee to Hold Hearing Next Week on Human Spaceflight

A Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation subcommittee will hold a hearing next week to get an update on NASA’s human spaceflight program.

The hearing by the Science and Space subcommittee is scheduled for November 17 at 10:00 am in 253 Russell Senate Office Building. The witnesses are not yet listed on the committee’s website. The title of the hearing is “NASA’s Human Space Exploration: Direction, Strategy, and Progress.”

A NASA astronaut is scheduled to be launched to the International Space Station (ISS) tomorrow (November 13 EST, November 14 local time at the launch site) along with two Russian cosmonauts aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft on a Soyuz rocket. The launch was delayed by several weeks while Russia investigated the cause of an August 24 Soyuz launch failure that doomed a Progress cargo spacecraft headed to the iSS. Russia has conducted three launches of various versions of the Soyuz rocket since then to demonstrate its flight readiness.

The August launch failure and its consequences on ISS crew rotations drove home the point that with the space shuttle program terminated, Soyuz is the only way to get crews back and forth to ISS. Even if the space shuttle was still flying, the Soyuz is needed as a “lifeboat” for the ISS to bring crews home in an emergency. If the shuttle was still available, crews could remain on the ISS only while the shuttle was docked there, limiting missions to about two weeks. U.S. dependence on Russia for the ISS program likely will be discussed at the November 17 hearing.

The hearing comes immediately after a three-day NASA “community workshop” on human spaceflight in San Diego, CA where it plans to introduce the Global Exploration Roadmap developed through the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG). The agency says that it is “seeking industry and academic feedback to shape strategy, assist with investment priorities and refine international exploration scenarios for human exploration and operations through the 2020’s.” Although NASA says the workshop is part of an effort “to engage the broader space community,” it apparently does not count reporters as part of that community. Reporters are asked not to attend the workshop, but to watch the webcast and submit questions by email.

UPDATE: Hopes Dim for Russian Mars Probe, Concerns Rise About Reentry

UPDATE: Hopes Dim for Russian Mars Probe, Concerns Rise About Reentry

UPDATE: Russia’s Ria Novosti reports today that attempts to contact Phobos-Grunt overnight were unsuccessful. It quotes an unnamed Russian space industry source as saying that December 3 is the most likely date for the spacecraft to reenter if efforts to revive it are unsuccessful.

ORIGINAL STORY:

Russian engineers have not given up on contacting the Phobos-Grunt (Phobos-Soil) spacecraft that remains stranded in Earth orbit, but hopes for a happy outcome are dimming. Meanwhile, concerns are growing about the hazard posed by the spacecraft’s reentry because it is loaded with toxic fuel intended to take it to Mars.

The website of Russia’s space agency, Roscosmos, is eerily silent about the situation, focusing instead on the upcoming Sunday launch of a crew to the International Space Station. Itar-Tass, Russia’s major wire service, also has no new stories about the spacecraft. As pointed out by Emily Lakdawalla on her blog at The Planetary Society (which has an experiment aboard Phobs-Grunt), all that is available are unofficial postings at various websites and tweets on Twitter that paint a grim picture. Anatoly Zak’s RussianSpaceWeb.com site appears to be a good source of information, but also is unofficial.

According to Zak, a number of attempts have been made to contact the spacecraft, but all were unsuccessful. One problem is that the spacecraft’s low gain antenna is blocked by an external tank of a propulsion unit and the high gain antenna remains folded. Further attempts reportedly are planned.

If worse comes to worse and contact cannot be restored, the spacecraft will make an uncontrolled reentry through Earth’s atmosphere. Two recent uncontrolled reentries of defunct satellites — NASA’s UARS and Germany’s ROSAT — were uneventful, and since the Earth is 70 percent covered by water, the chances of space debris harming humans is relatively small. It is not zero, however, and a special concern exists with Phobos-Grunt.

The spacecraft is fully loaded with hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide fuel to take it to Mars and return a sample of Mars’s moon Phobos. In 2008, the United States destroyed one of its own reconnaissance satellites, USA-193, that failed early in its mission and carried a full load of hydrazine fuel. The Department of Defense (DOD) argued that the frozen hydrazine posed a grave danger if debris landed in an inhabited area. DOD does not officially have an antisatellite (ASAT) program today, but was able to use a missile fired from an Aegis cruiser to hit the satellite and break it into smaller pieces that individually reentered within several days, minimizing the risk of damage to people or property. The “shootdown” occured about a year after China’s first successful ASAT test against one of its own satellites that created 3,000 pieces of debris that still plague low Earth orbit (LEO) operations. Some say the U.S. decision to destroy USA-193 was as much about demonstrating that the United States was not without its own capabilities to destroy LEO satellites, and without creating long lasting debris, as it was about preventing potential damage from the hydrazine.

Whatever the case may have been with USA-193, the question now is whether Russia might decide to attempt to destroy Phobos-Grunt in a similar manner and whether it might ask for U.S. assistance. For the time being, however, Russia continues its efforts to contact the spacecraft and send it on its way to Mars.