Category: International

Injuries from Russian Meteor Pass 1,000; NASA News Conference at 4:00 pm ET Today

Injuries from Russian Meteor Pass 1,000; NASA News Conference at 4:00 pm ET Today

Russian media sources are reporting that the number of people injured by today’s meteor impact near Chelyabinsk is more than 1,000 and windows were shattered in about 300 buildings.

NASA will hold a media teleconference today, February 15, at 4:00 pm ET to discuss the Russian meteor, which scientists say was completely unrelated to asteroid 2012 DA14 which passed by Earth harmlessly at 2:25 pm ET this afternoon.  Asteroids are rocks that remain in space.   If they enter Earth’s atmosphere they become meteors.  Any pieces that reach the ground are meteorites.

Panelists for the NASA teleconference at 4:00 pm ET are Paul Chodas, JPL, and Bill Cooke, Marshall Space Flight Center.   It will be streamed live at http://www.nasa.gov/newsaudio.

Meteorite Impacts Russia While Asteroid DA14 Nears Earth

Meteorite Impacts Russia While Asteroid DA14 Nears Earth

While everyone’s attention has been focused on the imminent close pass of asteroid 2012 DA14 later today, a meteorite crashed in Russia’s Ural Mountains this morning injuring more than 400 people primarily from broken glass. 

The U.K. Space Agency and the European Space Agency each tweeted that the meteor is unrelated to 2012 DA14, which will pass Earth at an altitude of 17,150 miles later today.   Though physically they may be unrelated, the two events certainly are coincidental and involve the same type of celestial objects — asteroids.   An asteroid is basically a rock that stays in space. If it enters Earth’s atmosphere and streaks across the sky, it is called a meteor.   If it reaches the ground, it’s a meteorite.  Many asteroids that become meteors do not survive the journey though the atmosphere and put on beautiful nighttime displays.  Sometimes they come in clusters and are called meteor showers.  Some meteor showers recur on a regular schedule, such as the Perseids and Geminids.

Still images and videos (like this one on YouTube) of the meteor streaking across the Russian sky today are available on the Internet already. The image below was published by the Associated Press (AP) with a caption saying it was taken with a mobile phone camera in the Chelyabinsk region, about 900 miles east of Moscow.

Image credit:  Associated Press/Sergey Hametov

Russia’s Itar-Tass news agency reported that more than 400 people were injured by the event, which occurred about 9:20 am local time.  Russia’s RIA Novosti added that the meteor fell into a body of water one kilometer (1.6 miles) from the city of Chebarkul and estimated the injuries at 500.  That news source said three victims are in “grave” condition.  The injuries are primarily from broken glass caused by the sonic boom created by the meteor.   News reports from Russia give conflicting information about whether any fragments were located.

Organizations like the B612 Foundation have been warning about the potentially catastrophic damage that asteroids can cause on Earth.  In a Wall Street Journal op-ed yesterday, B612 Foundation CEO (and former astronaut) Ed Lu and renowned British astronomer Martin Rees made the case for putting more effort into locating asteroids that could potentially harm Earth before it’s too late: “On most days, human civilization wins the game of cosmic roulette.  But just as we take precautions to reduce our individual risks of dying in car accidents or earthquakes, we should do the same to reduce our societal risk of a catastrophic asteroid impact.  Let’s open our eyes and stop gambling with our future.”   The B612 Foundation is seeking funds from philanthropists and the public to build the Sentinel Space Telescope, a spacecraft that would orbit the Sun in a particular type of orbit that allows it to detect and track more asteroids than can be seen by Earth-based telescopes.  Conceptually, if a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA) was identified with sufficient lead time, measures could be taken to divert its trajectory away from Earth.

One of the most dramatic meteor impacts in modern history also occurred in Russia.   In 1908, an asteroid exploded above the ground near the Tunguska River in Siberia, flattening trees for 800 square miles.  Further back in history, an asteroid impact is widely thought to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.

NASA scientists insist that asteroid 2012 DA14 will safely fly past Earth this afternoon.  DA14 was discovered last year and scientists have a good understanding of its trajectory.    It will make its closest approach of 17,150 miles altitude at 2:25 pm EST today and cannot be seen from the United States since it will be daylight.  The best viewing will be in Australia.  NASA will air an animation of the event with commentary by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) scientists on NASA TV from 2:00-2:30 pm EST.

JPL manages NASA’s Near Earth Object (NEO) program that has been detecting and cataloging asteroids for many years.  NEOs are asteroids and comets whose paths bring them into Earth’s neighborhood.  They have catalogued about 90 percent of the largest asteroids that could pose the greatest threat and improved equipment now allows smaller objects like DA14 to be added.   DA14 is about 150 feet (45 meters) in diameter.

Phil Plait (@BadAstronomer) is posting images and information about today’s Russian meteorite to his blog.  As he says, it may be unrelated to DA14, “but what a huge coincidence.”

 

Satellite Data Association: Asteroid DA14 Does Not Imperil Satellites

Satellite Data Association: Asteroid DA14 Does Not Imperil Satellites

The Space Data Association (SDA) reassured satellite operators and users yesterday that the close pass of asteroid 2012 DA14 tomorrow poses no threat to satellites.

The 150 foot (45 meter) diameter asteroid will pass by Earth at 17,150 miles (27,600 kilometers) altitude, between Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) where GPS and certain other navigation satellite constellations reside, and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) where most communications satellites as well as other types of satellites are located.  

SDA analyzed the orbits of all the satellites in MEO and GEO that are listed in the public space catalog and concluded the asteroid “will come no closer than 1,000 km to any space object, and will not threaten any operational objects nor will it create debris in any orbit.”  SDA added that satellite operators worry only about “uncoordinated flybys of less than 10 km.”

NASA has been reassuring everyone that the asteroid poses no threat to Earth itself, either.   The asteroid’s closest approach to Earth will occur at 2:25 pm Eastern Standard Time (EST) tomorrow, February 15.  Since it will be daylight in the United States, it cannot be viewed from here, although NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory will provide commentary with real-time animation on NASA TV from 2:00-2:30 pm EST.

NASA has slightly refined its estimates of the altitude and time at closest approach.  Earlier it reported the time as 2:24 pm instead of 2:25 pm EST, and the altitude as 17,200 miles instead of 17,150 miles.

 

ILS Clears Proton For Launch

ILS Clears Proton For Launch

International Launch Services (ILS) yesterday gave its OK for commercial Proton launches to resume after its Failure Review Oversight Board (FROB) concurred in findings by Russia’s space agency and an independent review on the root cause of a December 8, 2012 failure.

The December 8 failure of Proton’s Briz-M (Breeze-M) upper stage left the Yamal 402 communications satellite in the wrong orbit.   Satellite manufacturer Thales Alenia was able to use the satellite’s stationkeeping engines to raise the orbit to the correct coordinates although the satellite’s lifetime was consequently reduced from 15 years to 11 years.

ILS is a U.S.-based company that sells Proton launches on the global market.  It is a subsidiary of Russia’s Khrunichev State Research and Production Center that builds Proton and Briz-M.  Khrunichev received a report last month on the causes of the failure from an independent working group and Russia’s space agency, Roscosmos, but the report had to clear Russian security before ILS could see it.

ILS created its own FROB to consider those findings.   In yesterday’s announcement, ILS concurred with the findings that the Briz-M failure resulted from  “a combination of adverse conditions which affected the operation of the Breeze M main engine during the startup of the 3rd burn causing damage to a bearing on the oxidizer side of the turbo pump.”  The bearing then failed during the 4th burn, which ended 4 minutes early, placing the satellite into a lower than planned orbit. 

ILS said it would resume launches next month.  SatMex 8 is the next satellite scheduled for launch.  The exact date of the launch is to be determined.

As Deadline Nears, Sequestration Called "Stupid, Shortsighted"

As Deadline Nears, Sequestration Called "Stupid, Shortsighted"

At a press conference today, the President of the Association of American Universities, Hunter Rawlings, called the sequester “stupid” and “shortsighted.”  The press conference brought the aerospace and defense industry together with groups representing health funding and research universities to raise more warning flags about the across-the-board federal spending cuts known as the sequester, which will go into effect 18 days from now unless Congress acts to postpone or replace it.

As we reported yesterday, this could be called “sequestration week” in Washington with just about everyone’s attention focused on what will happen if those dire federal spending cuts go into effect on March 1 as dictated under existing law. Congress will be in recess next week, and will return with only four days left before that deadline, making this week prime time for affected groups to make their case.

Congress postponed the sequester from January 2 to March 1 as part of the year-end fiscal cliff debate.  It can be postponed indefinitely if all parties agree.  It was included in the 2011 Budget Control Act as a “poison pill” whose impact would be so catastrophic that politicians would be forced to find another way to reduce the deficit rather than let it happen.   That strategy has failed so far.

The White House issued a fact sheet on Friday that clarifies the percentages by which discretionary budgets will have to be reduced as part of the effort to rein in the deficit. The federal budget is divided into discretionary and mandatory spending.  Mandatory spending means money for entitlement programs (Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid etc) and paying interest on the national debt, for example.  Discretionary spending is everything else, broken down into two categories — defense and non-defense. “Defense” is actually more broadly defined as “security” spending and includes not only the Department of Defense, but nuclear weapons activities of the Department of Energy, the Intelligence Community, homeland security and similar programs.  Non-defense includes NASA, NOAA, and most other government agencies with which the public is familiar.  

Earlier guidance from the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) was that defense accounts would be cut 9.4 percent and non-defense accounts by 8.2 percent. OMB’s most recent calculations are that defense cuts will be about 8 percent and non-defense about 5 percent. However, for the current fiscal year, FY2013, it will be an effective cut of 13 percent for defense and 9 percent for non-defense since the fiscal year already is underway and cuts must be absorbed in 7 months instead of 12.   A total of $85 billion would be cut from FY2013 discretionary spending.  The cuts are “across-the-board” meaning that each budget account is cut by the same percentage.  Agencies do not have the opportunity to prioritize which programs are more important than others.

The Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) has been leading a relentless campaign to inform the public and policymakers about the dire consequences of such cuts on aerospace and defense companies. While AIA talks about cuts to both defense and non-defense spending, the focus of concern by that group and others, and many House Republicans, to date has been the potential cuts to defense. Considerably less attention has been paid to NASA, NOAA, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the multitude of other non-defense discretionary agencies.

This morning, however, AIA teamed with groups that are working together through NDD United (Non-Defense Discretionary United) at a press conference to underscore the effects not only of sequestration, but of the likelihood of a year-long Continuing Resolution (CR), on all discretionary spending.

The government is currently funded under a CR that will expire on March 27.  It holds agencies to their FY2012 funding levels and today’s betting is that instead of dealing with the FY2013 budget request President Obama submitted to Congress a year ago, Congress will simply extend the CR for the rest of FY2013.  That will render moot the President’s FY2013 request to reprioritize some programs and initiate new ones, as well as holding spending to the FY2012 levels.  (Meanwhile, some in Congress are criticizing the President for being late with his FY2014 budget request, which should have been submitted on February 4.   Since Congress has yet to act on the FY2013 budget request, it is a curious complaint.  The White House is having understandable difficulty determining what to request not knowing the fate of the FY2013 request or the sequester and has not told Congress when the FY2014 request will be sent forward.  Defense News reports today that the Department of Defense has a tentative date of March 25 for sending its request to Congress.)

AIA President and CEO Marion Blakey stressed that federal budget cuts already have resulted in layoffs at many of AIA’s defense and aerospace companies. The 10-year defense budget was cut $487 billion by the 2011 Budget Control Act, she reminded everyone, causing “immediate and serious drags on the economy” that are part of the reason for the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) falling into negative territory for the first time in four years. If sequestration goes into effect on top of those cuts, the impact on the nation’s economy will be serious. “There is remarkable unanimity that sequestration is terrible policy. It will result in a hollow force for our military and force our economy back into recession,” she argued.

Hunter Rawlings, President of the Association of American Universities (AAU), was much more blunt saying the sequester “is stupid, it is shortsighted, and should not happen.”  AAU represents 60 leading U.S. research universities. Peter McPherson, President of the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU) — a group of 200 public research universities — said sequestration is a “reckless and blunt tool” that would mean $10 billion less in government support for research and development (R&D) in FY2013 alone, and $90 billion through FY2021.  Noting that other countries, like China, are increasing not decreasing R&D spending, he called sequestration “penny wise and pound foolish” and a threat to American innovation.

The group as a whole agreed that the deficit needs to be reduced, but did not offer a solution.  Instead, their message is that discretionary spending should not have to foot the bill by itself.  Cuts to all federal spending, discretionary and mandatory, as well as revenue increases, must be considered, they agreed.  AIA Chairman and Northrop Grumman CEO and President Wes Bush said that the aerospace and defense industry has “long called for a balanced approach. … We know you can’t just pull one lever. You have to reach and pull all the levers available to our nation to deal with this. Unfortunately, what we’ve seen today is primarily … a pulling of the lever on discretionary budgets [but] … everything has to be on the table to make sure we make good decisions about the future of our country.”

AIA and NDD United each sent letters to Congress today signed by their member organizations.  The letters and other information are posted on the Second To None website.

Meanwhile, Air Force Space Command (AFSC) Commander Gen. William Shelton spelled out the effects the sequester would have on Air Force space programs.  As reported in today’s SatNews, a memo from AFSC to the Air Force Deputy Assistant Secretary for Budget listed the following actions that would be forced by the sequester: 

  • reduce some missile warning and space surveillance 24/7 operations to 8/7
  • reduce by 75 percent sustaining an older communications satellite constellation
  • suspend Air Force-wide engineering and installation work that includes a SATCOM facility
  • terminate Global Combat Support System-hosted applications including Nuclear Weapons Material Tracking Capability and Explosive Ordinance Disposal Management System
  • prioritize and curtail and/or cancel operational training exercises and international partner exercises
  • reduce Professional Military Education and Mission Readiness Training quotas

Four congressional hearings are planned this week to look at various aspects of the impact of the sequester and/or a full-year CR.  See our “Space Policy Events of Interest: February 11-15, 2013” article for details.

 

Today's NYT: Special Section on Future of the Space Program

Today's NYT: Special Section on Future of the Space Program

The New York Times has a special section today where five experts on U.S. and non-U.S. space programs give their views on “A New Space Race, or Chances to Collaborate”?

The five experts and the titles of their essays are:

  • Bill Nye, CEO of the Planetary Society:  Reach for the Stars, Together
  • Dean Cheng, Heritage Foundation: U.S. Can Help Its Allies’ Efforts
  • Jim Oberg, Author:  Russia Must Choose:  Low Tech or High?
  • Laura Grego and Gregory Kulacki, Union of Concerned Scientists:  With China, Setting Norms

All have diverse backgrounds, but Nye is best known as “Bill Nye, the Science Guy” and recently took over as head the Planetary Society.  Dean Cheng and Greg Kulacki are well known experts on China’s space program.  Jim Oberg is an expert on Russia’s space program in particular and is a consultant to NBC news.  Laura Grego is best known for her work in space security.

Space Policy Events for the Week of February 4-8, 2013

Space Policy Events for the Week of February 4-8, 2013

The following space policy-related events may be of interest in the week ahead.  The House and Senate are in session for part of this week.  (Separate House and Senate Democratic retreats take up some of the days.  The House Democratic retreat is Wednesday-Friday; the Senate Democratic retreat is Tuesday-Wednesday.)

During the Week

Viewers in the Washington, DC area have had to wait until this week to see Space Shuttle Columbia:  A Mission Of Hope on local PBS stations.   Others may have had to wait as well, though it began showing in some parts of the nation on January 31.   Check local listings or visit www.anarticleofhope.com  to determine when it will air in your locality.  The film is about a special Torah carried on space shuttle Columbia by Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon.

Not on the committee’s public schedule yet, but a possibility this week, is the Senate Armed Services Committee’s markup of the nomination of Chuck Hagel to be Secretary of Defense.  Rumors are that it may be on Thursday.  We’ll post it in the “events of interest” list on the right column of our main website if and when it’s official.

Monday, February 4

Tuesday-Wednesday, February 5-6

Wednesday-Thursday, February 6-7

Friday, February 8

 

Zak: Zenit Rocket Failure Likely Caused by Malfunctioning Pump

Zak: Zenit Rocket Failure Likely Caused by Malfunctioning Pump

Anatoly Zak at RussianSpaceWeb.com reports that the most likely reason Sea Launch’s Zenit 3SL rocket failed last week is a pump that malfunctioned 4.5 seconds after liftoff.

Zak, a New York-based Russian space program expert, is summarizing comments that are being posted to a Russian-language forum associated with Russia’s Novosti Kosmonavitki (Space News) magazine.  While the postings to that forum are not official, they often provide reliable information based on industry and other sources.   They point the finger at the Ukrainian-built BIM — Bortovoi Istochnik Moshnosti (Onboard Power Source) — pump. 

The first two stages of Zenit 3SL are Ukrainian, the third stage is Russian.   The company Sea Launch is 95 percent owned by Russia’s Energia RSC.

Once the pump failed at 4.5 seconds into the launch, the main engine’s gimbal mechanism could not function to steer the rocket according to Zak’s summary.  He provides many details, but, briefly, after 16 seconds the rocket exceeded a deviation limit and triggered an automatic shutdown command from the flight control system.  It crashed 56 seconds after liftoff, 2.5 kilometers from its mobile launch platform in the Pacific Ocean.

The rocket was launching the Intelsat 27 satellite, which was lost in the crash.

This is the latest in a string of Russian launch failures of various rockets and upper stages since December 2010. 

Another Russian Launch Failure: Sea Launch Zenit Rocket Fails at Launch

Another Russian Launch Failure: Sea Launch Zenit Rocket Fails at Launch

The Russian-Ukrainian Zenit-3SL Sea Launch rocket failed less than a minute after launch very early this morning, February 1, Eastern Standard Time (EST).   The Boeing-built Intelsat-27 communications satellite was destroyed.

Sea Launch provided few details, saying only that it will establish a failure review board.  Sea Launch uses an ocean-going platform as its launch pad and the rocket and payload fell into the ocean. The launch took place today, February 1, at 1:56 am EST, which was January 31, 11:56 pm Pacific Standard Time (PST).

Anatoly Zak at RussianSpaceWeb.com reported on his website and in tweets that a failure of the flight control system is suspected and cites industry sources as saying the rocket headed south instead of east at liftoff.  Its engines were shut down by an emergency command, Zak continues, and the rocket crashed into the Pacific Ocean 50 seconds after launch.

Sea Launch originally was owned jointly by U.S., Russian, Ukrainian, and Norwegian companies.   It declared bankruptcy in 2009 after a spectacular launch failure moments after liftoff in 2007.   Boeing was originally a 40 percent owner of the company, but as part of bankruptcy proceedings the company reorganized and now is 95 percent owned by Russia’s Energia RSC.  Boeing retains a very small share of the company and the Sea Launch platform and command ship continue to be based in Long Beach, CA.  The platform is towed out to sea for launch.

Russia has been experiencing a rash of space launch failures since the end of 2010.   This adds another to the list.

 

 

SpacePolicyOnline.com Publishes New Fact Sheet on 113th Congress Space-Related Legislation

SpacePolicyOnline.com Publishes New Fact Sheet on 113th Congress Space-Related Legislation

With Senate passage of S. Res. 24 yesterday, our website today is publishing the first edition of its new fact sheet on space-related legislation in the 113th Congress.

The Senate resolution honors the space shuttle Columbia crew on the 10th anniversary of the accident that took their lives.  It joins the Hurricane Sandy relief bill, which includes money for NASA and NOAA, as the first two pieces of space-related legislation in the new Congress. 

We will update the fact sheet —  Legislative Checklist 113th Congress:  Major Space-Related Legislation — throughout the next two years as Congress deals with legislation that affects civil, commercial and national security space activities.

Our previous fact sheets on major space-related legislation in the 111th and 112th Congresses will remain online for those looking for historical information.